Treatment process for printing and dyeing wastewater

The present invention discloses a treatment process for printing and dyeing wastewater. According to the treatment process, a photoion catalyst is uniformly dispersed in printing and dyeing wastewater under stirring or aeration effect, and vacuum ultraviolet lamp with a light wavelength of 185 nm is adopted as a photocatalytic light source to carry out photoion catalytic degradation on pollutants in the printing and dyeing wastewater to obtain the treated printing and dyeing wastewater; the photoion catalyst can be reused after treating and separating. With the process of the present invention, soluble organisms and insoluble organisms can be degraded, organic pollutants can be degraded, advantages of high decoloration efficiency, complete degradation of the organic pollutants, simpleness and rapidness, no sludge generation, stable operation, low influence due to water quality change, reuse of effluent, and the like are provided, and the process can be widely used in various printing and dyeing wastewater treatments.published_or_final_versio

Culture Condition Effect on Bioflocculant Production and Actual Wastewater Treatment Application by Different Types of Bioflocculants

The effect of culture condition on different types of bioflocculant production and its application on actual wastewater treatment were studied in this chapter. The advantages of mixed strain HXJ-1 were as follows: directly using acidic wine wastewater, adapting to wastewater at high concentrations and the presence of less nitrogen. HXJ-1 achieved good flocculating rate when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 12,000 mg/L, C/N 20:1. Three kinds of bioflocculants had some good treatment results on starch wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater and landfill leachate. The treatment effect of XJBF-1 (produced by mixed strain HXJ-1) on the starch wastewater was better than that of traditional polyacrylamide and other bioflocculants produced by a single bacterial (X15BF-1) and yeast strain (J1BF-1). XJBF-1 had better treatment results on three types of wastewater. It also had good removal rate of chromaticity, especially on the starch wastewater , the printing and dyeing wastewater; the removal rate was up to 88%, and the starch wastewater COD removal rate was up to 86%

Decolorization of reactive violet 5 dye in textile wastewater by electrocoagulation

The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volumes of wastewater from different steps in the dyeing and finishing processes. Wastewater from printing and dyeing units is often rich in color, containing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals, such as complex components. This study investigates the decolorization of synthetic dye wastewater containing textile dye Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) by electrocoagulation. A laboratory batch reactor was used to investigate the effect of various operating parameters using aluminium (Al), iron (Fe) and stainless steel (SS) anode. The effect of dye concentration, current density, supporting electrolyte, sup-porting electrolyte concentration, electrolysis duration, and material of anode of the systems were evaluated. Color removal efficiency was 22, 91.5 and 99.8 % in 15 minutes using Al, Fe and SS anode, respectively (j = 10 mA/cm2, cNaCl = 0.171 M)

Photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater

Dye wastewater is the major environmental issue of the textile and printing industries besides other minor issues like solid waste, health and safety. The use of synthetic chemical dyes in various manufacturing industrial process has increased considerably over the past decades, resulting in the release of dye-containing industrial effluents into aquatic ecosystem and soil [1]. Wastewater from printing and dyeing industries is frequently rich in color, containing residues of toxic chemicals, reactive dyes and requires proper treatment before all the effluent release into environment [2]. There are more than 8000 chemical products associated with all the dyeing, printing and finishing process listed in the color index, including some of the structural diverse of dyes, such as basic, acidic, reactive, disperse, azo, diazo, anthraquinone based and metal-complex dyes [1]. Therefore, these wastes must be genuine treated before it discharge to environment in order to comply with the environmental protection for the receiving water

A review on the present situation of wastewater treatment in textile industry with membrane bioreactor and moving bed biofilm reactor

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is one of the advanced treatment technologies used in industrial wastewater treatment due to its various advantages over conventional biological processes. Recently, the application of MBR in treatment of textile wastewater has increased significantly with an effective removal of contaminants. Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) has been efficiently used for the treatment of different municipal and industrial wastewater during the last decades and it is a relatively novel and effective technology applied in textile wastewater treatment. This review paper presents the situation of MBR and MBBR technology for textile wastewater purification under different conditions and collates results of previous studies during the past years about MBR and MBBR treatment technologies used in textile processes. Both of these two technologies have shown their efficiency, but they still have problems in textile wastewater treatment. To this end, MBR-MBBR hybrid system could be an attractive solution for textile wastewater purification because of the high efficiency and low consumption of energy and spacePostprint (author's final draft

The influence and mechanism of influent pH on anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and printing and dyeing wastewater

Two pilot-scale activated sludge systems consisting of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and an aerobic plug flow reactor (PFR) were operated with the aim of minimising excess sludge output of the activated sludge process through coupled alkaline hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion. Variations in the effluent of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), NH4 +-N and TP concentration proved that the recirculation ratio of aerobic excess biomass recirculated to ABR could obtain 60% of theoretically total aerobic excess sludge production, under aerobic conditions with effluent TCOD concentration well below the discharge limit of 150 mg/ℓ. After hydrochloric acid addition in the influent to neutralise high influent pH, the solubilisation of alkaline hydrolysis was obviously damaged and the effluent concentrations exceeded the discharging limit. High influent pH could promote the reduction efficiency of excess sludge production during co-digestion of printing and dyeing wastewater and sewage sludge. A possible mechanism of influent pH acting on anaerobic co-digestion was put forward.Keywords:  alkaline hydrolysis, anaerobic co-digestion, influent pH, printing and dyeing wastewater, sludg

Ozonation of trace organic compounds in different municipal and industrial wastewaters : kinetic-based prediction of removal efficiency and ozone dose requirements

For the wide application of ozonation in (industrial and municipal) wastewater treatment, prediction of trace organic compounds (TrOCs) removal and evaluation of energy requirements are essential for its design and operation. In this study, a kinetics approach, based on the correlation between the second order reaction rate constants of TrOCs with ozone and hydroxyl radicals ((OH)-O-center dot) and the ozone and (OH)-O-center dot exposure (i.e., integral (sic)O-3(sic)dt and integral [(OH)-O-center dot]dt, which are defined as the time integral concentration of O-3 and (OH)-O-center dot for a given reaction time), was validated to predict the elimination efficiency in not only municipal wastewaters but also industrial wastewaters. Two municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents from Belgium (HB-effluent) and China (QG-effluent) and two industrial wastewater treatment plant effluents respectively from a China printing and dyeing factory (PD-effluent) and a China lithium-ion battery factory (LZ-effluent) were used for this purpose. The (OH)-O-center dot scavenging rate from the major scavengers (namely alkalinity, effluent organic matter (EfOM) and NO2-) and the total (OH)-O-center dot scavenging rate of each effluent were calculated. The various water matrices and the (OH)-O-center dot scavenging rates resulted in a difference in the requirement for ozone dose and energy for the same level of TrOCs elimination. For example, for more than 90% atrazine (ATZ) abatement in HB-effluent (with a total (OH)-O-center dot scavenging rate of 1.9 x 10(5) s(-1)) the energy requirement was 12.3 x 10(-2) kWh/m(3), which was lower than 30.1 x 10(-2) kWh/m(3) for PD-effluent (with the highest total (OH)-O-center dot scavenging rate of 4.7 x 10(5) s(-1)). Even though the water characteristics of selected wastewater effluents are quite different, the results of measured and predicted TrOCs abatement efficiency demonstrate that the kinetics approach is applicability for the prediction of target TrOCs elimination by ozonation in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluents

Dyeing and Printing Natural Fibers with Algae-Based Colorants

[ES] La inminente necesidad de un desarrollo sostenible ha influido en el crecimiento de la industria, abriendo el camino para la transición progresiva hacia una bioeconomía sostenible. La evolución de la industria textil, caracterizada por altos niveles de contaminación, exige la continua exploración de alternativas a los recursos fósiles y procesos contaminantes. En este sentido, el presente estudio propone la exploración de una alternativa sostenible de colorantes naturales procedentes de biomasa de algas, para su aplicación en procesos de coloración, seleccionados por su reducido impacto ambiental, tanto en el cultivo de las algas, como en la extracción de colorantes, y su posible aplicación textil. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la viabilidad del uso de colorantes procedentes de algas para su aplicación en procesos de coloración textil, como la tintura por agotamiento y estampación pigmentaria. La selección de micro y macroalgas ha sido realizada según criterios que facilitan un cultivo optimizado y simple, ofreciendo diferentes colores básicos para la industria textil, como son el azul (C-ficocianina), el rojo (R-ficoeritrina), el amarillo (ß-caroteno), y el verde (Clorofila a). Los extractos líquidos concentrados en colorantes se han empleado en los procesos seleccionados de acabado textil, para conferir color a fibras naturales, como el algodón y la lana. La viabilidad de las fuentes alternativas de colorantes sostenibles mencionadas anteriormente ha sido estudiada mediante el análisis de la influencia de ciertos auxiliares de coloración, como son los mordientes. Una serie de mordientes convencionales (metálicos, y recién descubiertos) y biomordientes han sido seleccionados para investigar su capacidad de mejora de las propiedades y eficacia de coloración de los colorantes sostenibles. Asimismo, se han estudiado aproximaciones teóricas relacionados con la posible unión fibras-mordientes-colorantes. La implicación del uso de mordientes en los procesos de tintura por agotamiento y estampación pigmentaria se ha caracterizado a través de la medición de las coordenadas cromáticas del espacio de color; el espectro de reflectancia junto con la fuerza del color. El análisis se ha completado con el cálculo del coeficiente de absorción, en base al colorante remanente en los efluentes del agua residual de tintura (para los procesos de tintura). No obstante, la influencia de los mordientes sobre la calidad de los procesos de coloración ha sido evaluada mediante ensayos de medición de solideces al lavado y a la luz realizados según normativas europeas en vigor. El proceso de tintura por agotamiento se ha optimizado para determinar los valores óptimos para la temperatura, relación de baño de tintura, pH, tiempo de proceso, teniendo en cuenta la sensibilidad de los colorantes frente a los factores degradantes y de proceso. Siguiendo el carácter sostenible del proceso, se ha realizado una evaluación preliminar de los efluentes de aguas residuales de tinturas, a través de mediciones de indicadores como DBO5, DQO, contenido en metales, y el comportamiento frente a un tratamiento biológico de aguas residuales. Igualmente, se investigó el posible valor añadido de los colorantes estudiados, midiendo la capacidad de protección solar y antimicrobiana. El proceso de estampación pigmentaria abordó la investigación de la viabilidad de los colorantes mediante el empleo de la pasta de estampación sintética convencional, completada con la evaluación de la alternativa representada por la pasta de estampación natural, considerando, al mismo tiempo, la disponibilidad comercial de los componentes. Los resultados obtenidos confieren una validación preliminar de la idoneidad de la aplicación de materia colorante procedente de algas en procesos de tintura por agotamiento y la estampación pigmentaria sobre sustratos textiles de algodón y lana, a escala de laboratorio, con elementos clave para las perspectivas de funcionalización textil, abriendo así el camino para futuras investigaciones que hará posible el escalado de los procesos y el uso industrial de materiales alternativos sostenibles en la industria textil.[CA] La creixent necessitat per a un desenvolupament sostenible ha tingut un gran impacte en el creixement de la indústria, obrint el camí per a la transició progressiva cap a una bioeconomia sostenible. L'evolució de la indústria tèxtil, caracteritzada per els alts nivells de contaminació fomenta la contínua exploració d'alternatives als recursos fòssils i processos contaminants. En aquest sentit, el present estudi proposa l'exploració d'una alternativa sostenible de colorants naturals procedents de biomassa d'algues, per a la seua aplicació en processos de coloració, seleccionats a causa de l'impacte ambiental reduït, generat pel cultiu de les algues, l'extracció de colorants, i la seua possible aplicació tèxtil. Aquest estudi té com a objectiu explorar la viabilitat de l'ús de colorants procedents d'algues per a la seua aplicació en processos de coloració tèxtil, com la tintura per esgotament i estampació pigmentària. La selecció de micro i macroalgues ha sigut realitzada segons criteris que faciliten un cultiu optimitzat i senzill, que proveeix colors bàsics per a la indústria tèxtil, com són el blau (C- ficocianina), el roig (R-ficoeritrina), el groc (ß-caroteno, i el verd (Clorofil·la a) . Els extractes líquids concentrats en colorants s'han emprat en els processos seleccionats d'acabat tèxtil, per a conferir color a fibres naturals, com el cotó i la llana. La viabilitat de les fonts alternatives de colorants sostenibles mencionades anteriorment ha sigut abordada per mitjà de l'anàlisi de la influència de certs auxiliars de coloració, com són els mordents. Una sèrie de mordents convencionals, metàl·lics, acabats de descobrir i bio mordents ha sigut seleccionada per a investigar la seua capacitat de millora de les propietats i eficàcia de coloració dels colorants sostenibles. A més a més, es va estudiar aproximacions teòriques relacionades amb la unió plausible entre fibres-mordents-colorants. La implicació de l'ús de mordents en els processos de tintura per esgotament i estampació pigmentària s'ha analitzat mitjançantassajos de caracterització, contemplant la caracterització objectiva del color per mitjà del mesurament de les coordenades cromàtiques de l'espai de color; l'espectre de reflectància junt amb la força del color; anàlisi completada pel càlcul del coeficient d'absorció, a base del colorant romanent en els efluents de l'aigua residual de tintura (per als processos de tintura). No obstant això, la influència dels mordents sobre la qualitat dels processos de coloració ha sigut avaluada per mitjà d'assajos de mesurament de solideses al llavat i a la llum realitzats segons normatives europees en vigor. El procés de tintura per esgotament ha sigut optimitzat per a determinar els valors òptims per a la temperatura, relació de bany de tintura, pH, temps de procés, valorant el caràcter sensible dels colorants front als agents degradants i de procés. Recolzant el caràcter sostenible del procés, s'ha realitzat una evaluación preliminar dels afluents d'aigües residuals de tintures, mitjançant mesuraments d'indicadors, com DBO5, DQO, contingut en metalls, i el comportament enfront d'un tractament biològic d'aigües residuals. Igualment, es va investigar el possible valor afegit dels colorants procedents d'algues, mesurant la capacitat de protecció solar i antimicrobiana. El procés d'estampació pigmentària va abordar la investigació de la viabilitat dels colorants per mitjà de l'ocupació de la pasta d'estampació sintètica convencional, completada amb l'avaluació de l'alternativa representada per la pasta d'estampació natural, considerant, al mateix temps, la disponibilitat comercial dels ingredients. Els resultats obtinguts confereixen una validació preliminar de la idoneïtat de l'aplicació de matèria colorant procedent d'algues en processos de tintura per esgotament i l'estampació pigmentària sobre substrats tèxtils de cotó i llana, a escala de laboratori, amb elements clau per a les perspectives de funcionalització tèxtil, obrint així el camí per a futures investigacions que farà possible l'escalat dels processos i l'ús industrial de materials alternatius sostenibles a la indústria tèxtil.[EN] The crucial need for sustainable development has an immense impact on industrial evolution paving the path for a progressive transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy. Considering the pollutant evolution of the textile industry, approaches to exploring environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil-based resources and polluting processes have become the most current practice nowadays. In this sense, this study proposes the exploration of a sustainable alternative colorant material for coloration applications, from algae-based feedstock, considering the reduced environmental pressure embroiled by algae cultivation, colorant extraction, and its possible further textile application. This study explores the viability of the use of algae-based colorants for their application in exhaustion dyeing and pigment printing coloration techniques for the textile industry. Micro and macroalgae strains selection was performed according to criteria ensuring facile and optimized cultivation and the provision of basic colors for the textile industry as blue (C-phycocyanin), red (R-phycoerythrin), yellow (ß-carotene), and green (Chlorophyll-a). Liquid colorant-rich extracts were employed in the selected textile finishing processes on natural fibers, like cotton and wool. To approach the viability of these alternative sustainable colorants and enhance coloration properties and efficiencies, a series of auxiliaries were assessed, as conventional metallic and newly discovered mordants, and biomordants. Theoretical assumptions related to the plausible bonding among fibers-mordants-colorants were approximated. The auxiliaries implication in exhaustion dyeing and pigment printing processes were analyzed through a series of characterization tests, envisaging objective color characterization determined by the measurement of CIELab color coordinates; reflectance spectrum, and color strength approaching the depth of the coloration; completed by the calculation of the absorption coefficient, based on the remaining colorant matter in the wastewater effluents (for the dyeing process). Nevertheless, the mordants' influence on the quality of the coloration process was assessed through laundering and lightfastness measured according to European standards for textiles characterization. The dyeing exhaustion process was also subjected to parameters optimization in terms of the definition of optimum temperature, dyeing liquor ratio, pH, and time, considering the colorants' sensibilities for degrading and processing agents. A preliminary nearing towards the dyeing wastewater effluent quality assessment supporting the sustainability character of the process was performed through the measurement of basic water characterization indicators as BOD5, COD, metal content, and behavior against biological wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the possible added value of the algae-based colorants was investigated by measuring the antimicrobial and solar protection capacity, enlarging the application prospects of these innovative raw materials for textile applications. The pigment printing process approached the research of the feasibility of the colorants by employing the conventional synthetic printing paste, completed with the assessment of alternative natural printing paste, considering, at the same time the commercial availability of ingredients. The obtained results confer a preliminary validation of the suitability of the application of algae-based colorant matter in exhaustion dyeing and pigment printing of cotton and wool, at laboratory scale, with key elements for textile functionalization perspectives, thus paving the path for further investigation which will make possible the upscaling of the processes and industrial use of alternative sustainable materials in the textile industry.Moldovan, S. (2021). Dyeing and printing Natural Fibers with Algae-Based Colorants [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/180349TESI